• The cells in our body are eukaryotic and look basically like this.
• All eukaryotes protect their DNA inside a Nucleus.
• Unlike bacteria, eukaryotes use proteins called histones to organize their DNA.
• While prokaryotes use a cell wall to give form to their bodies, eukaryotes have an internal skeleton made of protein tubes. They can be contracted and expanded like muscles. This allows cells to move as amoeba do, engulf food, and eject waste.
• Normally eukaryotic cells are ten times bigger than prokaryotes.
• Eukaryotes pack their DNA tightly in the form of chromosomes before dividing. They can divide in two ways, Mitosis and Meiosis.
• In Mitosis, the chromosomes are doubled, then half of them go to each new cell. With mitosis you get two identical cells with the same number as the original (Like cloning).
• Meiosis only happens in cells that will form gametes (eggs and sperm).
• The number of chromosomes is halved during meiotic division, so that when the two gametes fuse together at fertilization, a new cell is formed with the correct number of chromosomes carrying half its genes from each parent.
• Only eukaryotes reproduce sexually, using meiosis to produce eggs and sperm, while prokaryotes divide only by mitosis.
• Mitochondria are derived from bacteria (alpha bacteria) that once adapted to live inside an eukaryote and became part of it. They produce energy for the cell in exchange for protection and food.
• Mitochondria have their own DNA and make their own division while the cell is dividing. Nor the cell or the mitochondria can live without the other.

Sources:

-The Tree of Life - www.tolweb.org:
-The Variety of Life, Colin Tudge, 2000